Word Transformation: nouns and suffixes

[Т А Кузнецова]

         Word Transformation #1: Nouns & Suffixes

                                 www.keepsmilingenglish.com

In this article, you are going to see how to form nouns by adding suffixes. However, there are a couple of things you should probably know before reading on:

1. In some cases, there is a mention to what the suffix implies (e.g. profession, activity, etc.)
2. There might be some combinations that are not listed below.
3. Adding the suffix involves, in many cases, some spelling changes to the original word (e.g. peace – pacifist, etc.)
4. This is basically a list of possible combinations with suffixes to make nouns. It’s not a magic formula, as I believe there isn’t one!

Verb to noun:

• -ER/-OR – professions or things that do a job: write – writer, work – worker, shop – shopper, act – actor, operate – operator, sail – sailor, sharpen – sharpener, open – opener, project – projector, etc.
• – ANT/-ENT – professions: attend – attendant, inform – informant, assist – assistant, preside – president, etc.
• -ER vs -EE – people who do vs people who experience something:
  • employ – employer (person who employs) vs employee (person who is employed)
  • pay – payer vs payee
  • send/address – sender vs addressee
• -(A)(T)ION: inform – information, declare – declaration, capture – caption, contaminate – contamination, cultivate – cultivation, reduce – reduction, etc.
• -MENT: enjoy – enjoyment, agree – agreement, excite – excitement, replace – replacement, establish – establishment, etc.
• -AL: arrive – arrival, approve – approval, deny – denial, etc.
• -ANCE/-ENCE: attend – attendance, prefer – preference, insure – insurance, accept – acceptance, etc.
• -(S)ION: confuse – confusion, decide – decision, revise – revision, divide – division, televise – television, etc.
• -AGE: pass – passage, pack – package, marry – marriage,  etc.
• -ING: bless – blessing, feed – feeding, seat – seating, dance – dancing, advertise – advertising, etc.
• -ERY: brew – brewery, bake – bakery, etc.
• -TH: grow – growth, bear/born – birth,

Adjectives to noun:

• -NESS – quality/condition: good – goodness, ready – readiness, forgetful – forgetfulness, sad – sadness, happy – happiness, etc.
• -IST vs -ISM – people vs ideology/activity:
  • ideal – idealist (person) vs idealism (ideology)
  • colonial – colonialist vs colonialism
  • human – humanist vs humanism
• -TH: true – truth, strong – strength, broad – breadth, long – length, dead – death, warm – warmth, wide – width, foul – filth, young – youth, etc.
• -ITY: flexible – flexibility, available – availability, productive – productivity, active – activity, etc.
• -ERY: brave (adj.) – bravery, etc.
• -Y: private – privacy, honest – honesty, jealous – jealousy, etc.
• -TY: safe – safety, cruel – cruelty, certain – certainty etc.
• -STER: hip – hipster, young – youngster, old – oldster, etc.
• -DOM: free – freedom, wise – wisdom, etc.

Noun to noun:

• -IST vs -ISM – people vs ideology/activity:
  • journal – journalist (person) vs journalism (activity)
  • peace – pacifist vs pacifism
  • anarchy – anarchist vs anarchism
• -IST – professions: science – scientist, physics – physicist, piano – pianist, cello – cellist, violin – violinist, etc.
• -AGE: pass – passage, bag – baggage, etc.
• -ERY: slave – slavery, machine – machinery, etc.
• -(AR)IAN: vegetable – vegetarian, human – humanitarian, sect – sectarian, music – musician, politics – politician, etc.
• -EER: engine – engineer, mountain – mountaineer, musket – musketeer, etc.
• -STER: gang – gangster, mob – mobster, spin – spinster, etc.
• -ERY: slave – slavery, etc.

 

• -HOOD: child – childhood, likely – likelihood, adult – adulthood, parent – parenthood, neighbour – neighbourhood, etc.
• -SHIP: friend – friendship, censor – censorship, partner – partnership, relation – relationship, etc.
• -DOM: star – stardom, bore – boredom, king – kingdom, etc.

[Uchilka]

 

         Word Transformation #1: Nouns & Suffixes

                                 www.keepsmilingenglish.com

In this article, you are going to see how to form nouns by adding suffixes. However, there are a couple of things you should probably know before reading on:

1. In some cases, there is a mention to what the suffix implies (e.g. profession, activity, etc.)
2. There might be some combinations that are not listed below.
3. Adding the suffix involves, in many cases, some spelling changes to the original word (e.g. peace – pacifist, etc.)
4. This is basically a list of possible combinations with suffixes to make nouns. It’s not a magic formula, as I believe there isn’t one!

Verb to noun:

• -ER/-OR – professions or things that do a job: write – writer, work – worker, shop – shopper, act – actor, operate – operator, sail – sailor, sharpen – sharpener, open – opener, project – projector, etc.
• – ANT/-ENT – professions: attend – attendant, inform – informant, assist – assistant, preside – president, etc.
• -ER vs -EE – people who do vs people who experience something:
  • employ – employer (person who employs) vs employee (person who is employed)
  • pay – payer vs payee
  • send/address – sender vs addressee
• -(A)(T)ION: inform – information, declare – declaration, capture – caption, contaminate – contamination, cultivate – cultivation, reduce – reduction, etc.
• -MENT: enjoy – enjoyment, agree – agreement, excite – excitement, replace – replacement, establish – establishment, etc.
• -AL: arrive – arrival, approve – approval, deny – denial, etc.
• -ANCE/-ENCE: attend – attendance, prefer – preference, insure – insurance, accept – acceptance, etc.
• -(S)ION: confuse – confusion, decide – decision, revise – revision, divide – division, televise – television, etc.
• -AGE: pass – passage, pack – package, marry – marriage,  etc.
• -ING: bless – blessing, feed – feeding, seat – seating, dance – dancing, advertise – advertising, etc.
• -ERY: brew – brewery, bake – bakery, etc.
• -TH: grow – growth, bear/born – birth,

Adjectives to noun:

• -NESS – quality/condition: good – goodness, ready – readiness, forgetful – forgetfulness, sad – sadness, happy – happiness, etc.
• -IST vs -ISM – people vs ideology/activity:
  • ideal – idealist (person) vs idealism (ideology)
  • colonial – colonialist vs colonialism
  • human – humanist vs humanism
• -TH: true – truth, strong – strength, broad – breadth, long – length, dead – death, warm – warmth, wide – width, foul – filth, young – youth, etc.
• -ITY: flexible – flexibility, available – availability, productive – productivity, active – activity, etc.
• -ERY: brave (adj.) – bravery, etc.
• -Y: private – privacy, honest – honesty, jealous – jealousy, etc.
• -TY: safe – safety, cruel – cruelty, certain – certainty etc.
• -STER: hip – hipster, young – youngster, old – oldster, etc.
• -DOM: free – freedom, wise – wisdom, etc.

Noun to noun:

• -IST vs -ISM – people vs ideology/activity:
  • journal – journalist (person) vs journalism (activity)
  • peace – pacifist vs pacifism
  • anarchy – anarchist vs anarchism
• -IST – professions: science – scientist, physics – physicist, piano – pianist, cello – cellist, violin – violinist, etc.
• -AGE: pass – passage, bag – baggage, etc.
• -ERY: slave – slavery, machine – machinery, etc.
• -(AR)IAN: vegetable – vegetarian, human – humanitarian, sect – sectarian, music – musician, politics – politician, etc.
• -EER: engine – engineer, mountain – mountaineer, musket – musketeer, etc.
• -STER: gang – gangster, mob – mobster, spin – spinster, etc.
• -ERY: slave – slavery, etc.

 

• -HOOD: child – childhood, likely – likelihood, adult – adulthood, parent – parenthood, neighbour – neighbourhood, etc.
• -SHIP: friend – friendship, censor – censorship, partner – partnership, relation – relationship, etc.
• -DOM: star – stardom, bore – boredom, king – kingdom, etc.

Спасибо, полезный материал.